precipitate is formed. This indicated to presence of Flavonoid.
2.2.8 Steroid: 3 gram of well ground sample was extracted with 5 ml ethanol with 1% acetic acid in boiling water bath for 5 minutes, then filtrate the solution by using filter paper and allow a solution to cool. The filtration solution was divided into two portions A and B. Few drops of SbCL3 was added to portion A and few drops of Marquis’s reagent was added to portion B. red colour develop in portion A and violet to red colour develop in portion B. This indicated to presence of Steroid.
2.2.9 Carbohydrates: 3 gram of well ground sample was extracted with 5 ml distil water in boiling water bath for 6 minutes. Then filtration the solution by using glass wool. Few drops of Molish, s reagent were added to filtration solution. Then violet colour appeared, this indicated to presence of Carbohydrates.
2.3 Quantative analysis:
2.3.1 Alkaloid content: It is determined according to method described by (8).
Evaporated combined extract on steam bath with air current to about 10 ml add measured excess 0.2N H2SO4 and continue evaporation to remove the solvent, cool and add methyl. Then the excess acid (H2SO4) was titrated with 0.02 N NaOH.
V1 X M1 = V2 X M2 (1)
Mg/g = V2 X D.F. X M.WT (2)
103 X S
Where: V1 = Volume of 0.20.2N H2SO4, M1 = Concentration of H2SO4 (0.2N), V2 = Volume of NaOH, M2 = Concentration of NaOH (0.02 N), D.F. = Dilution factor, M.WT = Molecular weight of NaOH, S= Weight of sample and 103 = conversion factor from volume to weight.
2.3.2 Tannin content: It is determined according to method described by (11).
0.2 gram of extracted sample was placed in 50 ml of conical flask and 10 ml of 1% HCL was added. The contents of flask were shaken for 20 minutes, and then contents of the flask were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes. Then contents of flask were incubated at 30 oC for 20 minutes. The spectrophotometer was read at 500 nm and then scale read zero with the blank solution. Finally, readings were taken three times and averaged.
C.E. (%) = C X 100 (1)
10 X S
Where: C.E. = Catechin equivalent, C = Concentration corresponding to optical density, 10 = Volume of extract (ml) and S = Weight of sample.
3.0 Results and Discussion
3.1 Qualitative analysis: The qualitative test of green and black tea that extracted by water, ethanol and petroleum ether for the alkaloid, anthraquiaones, saponins, tannin, cardenolides, steroid, flavonoids, coumrine, and carbohydrates were shown in Table (1). The findings revealed that the alkaloid, tannin, steroid, flavanoid in three extractions (water, ethanol and petroleum ether) of green and black tea are available. The cardenolide in two extractions (ethanol and petroleum ether) of green and black tea are presence but the cardenolide in water extraction is not found in green and black tea. These results indicated that cardenolide is not dissolved in water but dissolved in ethanol and petroleum ether. In addition to that the anthraquiaones and coumarin three extractions (water, ethanol and petroleum ether) of green and black tea are not available. The saponin in green and black tea extracted by water is present, but saponin in green and black tea extracted by ethanol and petroleum ether is not present These findings revealed that green and black tea do not contain anthraquiaones and coumarin.These results are supported by those results given by (12) ..
3.2 Quantative analysis: Table (2) indicated that the alkaloid content in green tea in water, ethanol and petroleum extracted is 5.4, 4.3 and 4.6%, respectively. While the alkaloid content in black tea in water, ethanol and petroleum extracted is 6.4, 4.5 and 5.2 %, respectively. The results revealed that alkaloid in both green and black tea in water extracted is higher than in ethanol and petroleum ether extracted, but there is no significant difference in three solvents extracted for green tea at (P ? 0.05).This indicated that extraction of alkaloid is not effected by types of solvents. In addition to that the results indicated that tannin content in green and black tea for water extracted is similar, tannin content in green tea for ethanol extracted is higher than in black tea. The results revealed there significant difference at (P ? 0.05). The variation in alkaloid and tannin content is attributed to type of solvent, type of tea and process of tea.
Conclusion and Recommendation:
We concluded that the green and black tea contain alkaloid, tannin, steroid, flavonoid, cardenolides, saponins and carbohydrate. In addition amount of alkaloid and tannin are varied according to type of solvent used. Our recommendation, the
